{
  "name": "Futterklar Dog Food Safety A–Z",
  "description": "Source-based guidance on common human foods that dog owners frequently search for.",
  "canonicalUrl": "https://futterklar-hundeernaehrung.org/en/guides/what-can-dogs-eat",
  "generatedAt": "2026-07-27",
  "reviewedAt": "2026-07-27",
  "language": "en",
  "scope": "General educational guidance; not a complete poison database and not a substitute for veterinary advice.",
  "citationGuidance": "Use each verdict together with its preparation guidance, safety warning, review date and linked original sources.",
  "fields": {
    "verdict": "suitable, limited, avoid or danger; never an individual portion recommendation",
    "caloriesPer100g": "rounded USDA reference value where available; variety and preparation affect the figure"
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "aspcaSafeSnacks",
      "title": "Sharing is Caring: Foods You Can Safely Share with Your Pet",
      "organization": "ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center",
      "url": "https://www.aspca.org/news/sharing-caring-foods-you-can-safely-share-your-pet",
      "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
      "note": "Veterinary toxicology guidance on suitable treats, small portions, preparation and hidden xylitol."
    },
    {
      "id": "aspcaFoodsToAvoid",
      "title": "People Foods to Avoid Feeding Your Pets",
      "organization": "ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center",
      "url": "https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/people-foods-avoid-feeding-your-pets",
      "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
      "note": "Overview of alcohol, yeast dough, methylxanthines, grapes, Allium species, dairy products, nuts, raw eggs and xylitol."
    },
    {
      "id": "aspcaCherry",
      "title": "Cherry",
      "organization": "ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center",
      "url": "https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/cherry",
      "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
      "note": "Plant database entry distinguishing ripe fruit flesh from seeds, stems and leaves."
    },
    {
      "id": "aspcaTomato",
      "title": "Tomato Plant",
      "organization": "ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center",
      "url": "https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/tomato-plant",
      "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
      "note": "Plant database entry on the risks of unripe fruit and green parts of the tomato plant."
    },
    {
      "id": "aspcaPotato",
      "title": "Potato",
      "organization": "ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center",
      "url": "https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/animal-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/potato",
      "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
      "note": "Plant database entry on solanine in green plant parts and in raw or green potatoes."
    },
    {
      "id": "msdFoodHazards",
      "title": "Food Hazards",
      "organization": "MSD Veterinary Manual",
      "url": "https://www.msdvetmanual.com/special-pet-topics/poisoning/food-hazards",
      "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
      "note": "Veterinary-reviewed overview of yeast dough, chocolate, macadamia nuts, grapes and raisins, and xylitol."
    },
    {
      "id": "fdaXylitol",
      "title": "Paws Off Xylitol; It's Dangerous for Dogs",
      "organization": "U.S. Food and Drug Administration",
      "url": "https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/paws-xylitol-its-dangerous-dogs",
      "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
      "note": "Government safety notice on xylitol in sugar-free products and its possible acute effects in dogs."
    },
    {
      "id": "aahaFeedingPlans",
      "title": "Feeding Plans for Healthy, Appropriate Weight Cats and Dogs",
      "organization": "American Animal Hospital Association",
      "url": "https://www.aaha.org/resources/2021-aaha-nutrition-and-weight-management-guidelines/feeding-plans-for-healthy-appropriate-weight-cats-and-dogs/",
      "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
      "note": "Clinical guideline for accounting for extras and treats within a complete daily feeding plan."
    },
    {
      "id": "usdaFoodData",
      "title": "FoodData Central",
      "organization": "U.S. Department of Agriculture",
      "url": "https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/",
      "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
      "note": "Primary database used for rounded calorie reference values per 100 grams; variety, ripeness and preparation can change these values."
    }
  ],
  "foods": [
    {
      "id": "food-alcohol",
      "slug": "alcohol",
      "name": "Alcohol",
      "aliases": [
        "beer",
        "wine",
        "spirits",
        "ethanol",
        "alcohol-containing food"
      ],
      "category": "sweets-drinks",
      "verdict": "danger",
      "oneLine": "No — alcoholic drinks and foods containing alcohol can cause acute poisoning in dogs.",
      "reason": "Alcohol is absorbed quickly and can cause poor coordination, breathing problems, metabolic disturbances, loss of consciousness and other severe effects.",
      "preparation": "Do not offer it, and clean up spilled drinks immediately.",
      "avoidParts": [
        "drinks",
        "dough or desserts containing alcohol",
        "fermenting products"
      ],
      "processedWarning": "Cocktails, liqueur chocolates, desserts, mouthwash and fermenting foods can also contain alcohol.",
      "caution": "If ingestion may have occurred, call a veterinarian or emergency clinic immediately and have the product, estimated amount, time and your dog's weight ready.",
      "sourceIds": [
        "aspcaFoodsToAvoid"
      ],
      "canonicalUrl": "https://futterklar-hundeernaehrung.org/en/guides/what-can-dogs-eat#alcohol",
      "categoryLabel": "Sweets & drinks",
      "verdictLabel": "Potentially dangerous",
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "aspcaFoodsToAvoid",
          "title": "People Foods to Avoid Feeding Your Pets",
          "organization": "ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center",
          "url": "https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/people-foods-avoid-feeding-your-pets",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Overview of alcohol, yeast dough, methylxanthines, grapes, Allium species, dairy products, nuts, raw eggs and xylitol."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "food-pineapple",
      "slug": "pineapple",
      "name": "Pineapple",
      "aliases": [
        "fresh pineapple"
      ],
      "category": "fruit",
      "verdict": "suitable",
      "oneLine": "Yes — fresh, ripe pineapple flesh can be offered plain as an occasional treat.",
      "reason": "The ASPCA includes pineapple among suitable treats; because of its natural sugar and the possibility of digestive upset, it should remain an extra alongside a complete main diet.",
      "preparation": "Remove the skin and tough core completely, then cut the flesh into small pieces.",
      "avoidParts": [
        "spiky skin",
        "tough central core"
      ],
      "processedWarning": "Do not offer pineapple in syrup, sweetened dried fruit, desserts or seasoned preparations.",
      "caution": "For dogs with sensitive digestion, excess weight or diabetes, use it only after individual veterinary guidance.",
      "sourceIds": [
        "aspcaSafeSnacks",
        "aahaFeedingPlans",
        "usdaFoodData"
      ],
      "caloriesPer100g": 50,
      "canonicalUrl": "https://futterklar-hundeernaehrung.org/en/foods/pineapple",
      "categoryLabel": "Fruit",
      "verdictLabel": "Suitable as an occasional treat",
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "aspcaSafeSnacks",
          "title": "Sharing is Caring: Foods You Can Safely Share with Your Pet",
          "organization": "ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center",
          "url": "https://www.aspca.org/news/sharing-caring-foods-you-can-safely-share-your-pet",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Veterinary toxicology guidance on suitable treats, small portions, preparation and hidden xylitol."
        },
        {
          "id": "aahaFeedingPlans",
          "title": "Feeding Plans for Healthy, Appropriate Weight Cats and Dogs",
          "organization": "American Animal Hospital Association",
          "url": "https://www.aaha.org/resources/2021-aaha-nutrition-and-weight-management-guidelines/feeding-plans-for-healthy-appropriate-weight-cats-and-dogs/",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Clinical guideline for accounting for extras and treats within a complete daily feeding plan."
        },
        {
          "id": "usdaFoodData",
          "title": "FoodData Central",
          "organization": "U.S. Department of Agriculture",
          "url": "https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Primary database used for rounded calorie reference values per 100 grams; variety, ripeness and preparation can change these values."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "food-apple",
      "slug": "apple",
      "name": "Apple",
      "aliases": [
        "apples"
      ],
      "category": "fruit",
      "verdict": "suitable",
      "oneLine": "Yes — fresh apple flesh is suitable as an occasional treat once the core, seeds and stem have been removed.",
      "reason": "The ASPCA lists apple as a suitable treat; the core and large, hard pieces introduce avoidable risks.",
      "preparation": "Wash it, remove the core and stem, and cut it into pieces appropriate for your dog's size.",
      "avoidParts": [
        "seeds",
        "core",
        "stem"
      ],
      "processedWarning": "Applesauce, pie and dried apple may contain substantial sugar, fat, spices or problematic sweeteners.",
      "caution": "Unfamiliar larger amounts may cause digestive upset; count all extras toward the daily feeding plan, particularly for dogs with excess weight.",
      "sourceIds": [
        "aspcaSafeSnacks",
        "aahaFeedingPlans",
        "usdaFoodData"
      ],
      "caloriesPer100g": 52,
      "canonicalUrl": "https://futterklar-hundeernaehrung.org/en/foods/apple",
      "categoryLabel": "Fruit",
      "verdictLabel": "Suitable as an occasional treat",
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "aspcaSafeSnacks",
          "title": "Sharing is Caring: Foods You Can Safely Share with Your Pet",
          "organization": "ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center",
          "url": "https://www.aspca.org/news/sharing-caring-foods-you-can-safely-share-your-pet",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Veterinary toxicology guidance on suitable treats, small portions, preparation and hidden xylitol."
        },
        {
          "id": "aahaFeedingPlans",
          "title": "Feeding Plans for Healthy, Appropriate Weight Cats and Dogs",
          "organization": "American Animal Hospital Association",
          "url": "https://www.aaha.org/resources/2021-aaha-nutrition-and-weight-management-guidelines/feeding-plans-for-healthy-appropriate-weight-cats-and-dogs/",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Clinical guideline for accounting for extras and treats within a complete daily feeding plan."
        },
        {
          "id": "usdaFoodData",
          "title": "FoodData Central",
          "organization": "U.S. Department of Agriculture",
          "url": "https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Primary database used for rounded calorie reference values per 100 grams; variety, ripeness and preparation can change these values."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "food-banana",
      "slug": "banana",
      "name": "Banana",
      "aliases": [
        "bananas"
      ],
      "category": "fruit",
      "verdict": "suitable",
      "oneLine": "Yes — ripe banana can be peeled and offered plain as an occasional treat.",
      "reason": "Banana appears on the ASPCA list of suitable treats, but it is relatively high in energy and sugar compared with water-rich fruit.",
      "preparation": "Peel it and cut it into small, easy-to-swallow pieces.",
      "avoidParts": [
        "peel"
      ],
      "processedWarning": "Do not offer sweetened banana chips, desserts, or products containing chocolate or xylitol.",
      "caution": "For dogs with excess weight or diabetes, a lower-energy extra is often the more appropriate choice.",
      "sourceIds": [
        "aspcaSafeSnacks",
        "aahaFeedingPlans",
        "usdaFoodData"
      ],
      "caloriesPer100g": 89,
      "canonicalUrl": "https://futterklar-hundeernaehrung.org/en/foods/banana",
      "categoryLabel": "Fruit",
      "verdictLabel": "Suitable as an occasional treat",
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "aspcaSafeSnacks",
          "title": "Sharing is Caring: Foods You Can Safely Share with Your Pet",
          "organization": "ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center",
          "url": "https://www.aspca.org/news/sharing-caring-foods-you-can-safely-share-your-pet",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Veterinary toxicology guidance on suitable treats, small portions, preparation and hidden xylitol."
        },
        {
          "id": "aahaFeedingPlans",
          "title": "Feeding Plans for Healthy, Appropriate Weight Cats and Dogs",
          "organization": "American Animal Hospital Association",
          "url": "https://www.aaha.org/resources/2021-aaha-nutrition-and-weight-management-guidelines/feeding-plans-for-healthy-appropriate-weight-cats-and-dogs/",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Clinical guideline for accounting for extras and treats within a complete daily feeding plan."
        },
        {
          "id": "usdaFoodData",
          "title": "FoodData Central",
          "organization": "U.S. Department of Agriculture",
          "url": "https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Primary database used for rounded calorie reference values per 100 grams; variety, ripeness and preparation can change these values."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "food-broccoli",
      "slug": "broccoli",
      "name": "Broccoli",
      "aliases": [
        "broccoli florets"
      ],
      "category": "vegetables",
      "verdict": "limited",
      "oneLine": "Yes, but only a little — small, unseasoned pieces of broccoli may be offered occasionally.",
      "reason": "The ASPCA includes broccoli as a suitable vegetable option; larger or unfamiliar amounts may irritate the digestive tract.",
      "preparation": "Steam or cook it until soft without seasoning, then cut it into small pieces; if served raw, make sure it is easy to chew.",
      "avoidParts": [
        "very hard or large pieces of stalk"
      ],
      "processedWarning": "Do not offer casseroles, sauces or mixed dishes containing onion, garlic, substantial salt or fat.",
      "caution": "Stop offering it if gas, vomiting or diarrhea occurs, and seek veterinary advice if signs persist.",
      "sourceIds": [
        "aspcaSafeSnacks",
        "aahaFeedingPlans",
        "usdaFoodData"
      ],
      "caloriesPer100g": 34,
      "canonicalUrl": "https://futterklar-hundeernaehrung.org/en/guides/what-can-dogs-eat#broccoli",
      "categoryLabel": "Vegetables",
      "verdictLabel": "Only small amounts / under certain conditions",
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "aspcaSafeSnacks",
          "title": "Sharing is Caring: Foods You Can Safely Share with Your Pet",
          "organization": "ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center",
          "url": "https://www.aspca.org/news/sharing-caring-foods-you-can-safely-share-your-pet",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Veterinary toxicology guidance on suitable treats, small portions, preparation and hidden xylitol."
        },
        {
          "id": "aahaFeedingPlans",
          "title": "Feeding Plans for Healthy, Appropriate Weight Cats and Dogs",
          "organization": "American Animal Hospital Association",
          "url": "https://www.aaha.org/resources/2021-aaha-nutrition-and-weight-management-guidelines/feeding-plans-for-healthy-appropriate-weight-cats-and-dogs/",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Clinical guideline for accounting for extras and treats within a complete daily feeding plan."
        },
        {
          "id": "usdaFoodData",
          "title": "FoodData Central",
          "organization": "U.S. Department of Agriculture",
          "url": "https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Primary database used for rounded calorie reference values per 100 grams; variety, ripeness and preparation can change these values."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "food-blackberry",
      "slug": "blackberry",
      "name": "Blackberry",
      "aliases": [
        "blackberries"
      ],
      "category": "fruit",
      "verdict": "limited",
      "oneLine": "Yes, but only a little — ripe, washed blackberries may be offered plain as an occasional extra.",
      "reason": "Blackberries are not among the common food toxins described in the veterinary sources used here; their acidity, natural sugar and fiber may nevertheless upset digestion.",
      "preparation": "Wash them, remove any stem remnants and offer them plain.",
      "avoidParts": [
        "stem remnants",
        "spoiled or moldy fruit"
      ],
      "processedWarning": "Jam, jelly, syrup and desserts are unsuitable because of sugar and possible additional ingredients.",
      "caution": "Introduce new foods one at a time; ask your veterinarian first if your dog has sensitive digestion or is on a medical diet.",
      "sourceIds": [
        "aahaFeedingPlans",
        "usdaFoodData"
      ],
      "caloriesPer100g": 43,
      "canonicalUrl": "https://futterklar-hundeernaehrung.org/en/guides/what-can-dogs-eat#blackberry",
      "categoryLabel": "Fruit",
      "verdictLabel": "Only small amounts / under certain conditions",
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "aahaFeedingPlans",
          "title": "Feeding Plans for Healthy, Appropriate Weight Cats and Dogs",
          "organization": "American Animal Hospital Association",
          "url": "https://www.aaha.org/resources/2021-aaha-nutrition-and-weight-management-guidelines/feeding-plans-for-healthy-appropriate-weight-cats-and-dogs/",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Clinical guideline for accounting for extras and treats within a complete daily feeding plan."
        },
        {
          "id": "usdaFoodData",
          "title": "FoodData Central",
          "organization": "U.S. Department of Agriculture",
          "url": "https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Primary database used for rounded calorie reference values per 100 grams; variety, ripeness and preparation can change these values."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "food-egg",
      "slug": "egg",
      "name": "Egg",
      "aliases": [
        "chicken egg",
        "cooked egg",
        "scrambled egg"
      ],
      "category": "animal-products",
      "verdict": "limited",
      "oneLine": "Yes, but only fully cooked, unseasoned and accounted for within the calculated daily feeding plan.",
      "reason": "Raw or undercooked eggs may carry pathogens; cooked egg is energy-dense and is not a substitute for a complete and balanced dog food.",
      "preparation": "Hard-boil it fully or cook it through without fat or seasoning, then allow it to cool before serving.",
      "avoidParts": [
        "raw egg",
        "undercooked egg",
        "sharp pieces of shell"
      ],
      "processedWarning": "Do not offer egg prepared with onion, garlic, bacon, substantial salt, butter or other rich ingredients.",
      "caution": "If your dog has a known food reaction, pancreatitis risk or a veterinary diet, ask your veterinarian first.",
      "sourceIds": [
        "aspcaFoodsToAvoid",
        "aahaFeedingPlans",
        "usdaFoodData"
      ],
      "caloriesPer100g": 155,
      "canonicalUrl": "https://futterklar-hundeernaehrung.org/en/guides/what-can-dogs-eat#egg",
      "categoryLabel": "Animal products",
      "verdictLabel": "Only small amounts / under certain conditions",
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "aspcaFoodsToAvoid",
          "title": "People Foods to Avoid Feeding Your Pets",
          "organization": "ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center",
          "url": "https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/people-foods-avoid-feeding-your-pets",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Overview of alcohol, yeast dough, methylxanthines, grapes, Allium species, dairy products, nuts, raw eggs and xylitol."
        },
        {
          "id": "aahaFeedingPlans",
          "title": "Feeding Plans for Healthy, Appropriate Weight Cats and Dogs",
          "organization": "American Animal Hospital Association",
          "url": "https://www.aaha.org/resources/2021-aaha-nutrition-and-weight-management-guidelines/feeding-plans-for-healthy-appropriate-weight-cats-and-dogs/",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Clinical guideline for accounting for extras and treats within a complete daily feeding plan."
        },
        {
          "id": "usdaFoodData",
          "title": "FoodData Central",
          "organization": "U.S. Department of Agriculture",
          "url": "https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Primary database used for rounded calorie reference values per 100 grams; variety, ripeness and preparation can change these values."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "food-peanut-butter",
      "slug": "peanut-butter",
      "name": "Peanut butter",
      "aliases": [
        "peanut spread",
        "peanut paste"
      ],
      "category": "nuts-spreads",
      "verdict": "limited",
      "oneLine": "Only a little — use only a product without xylitol, chocolate or problematic additives.",
      "reason": "The ASPCA describes xylitol-free peanut butter as a possible treat, while emphasizing its high fat content and the need to check ingredients.",
      "preparation": "Check the entire ingredient list every time and choose only a plain, unsalted variety.",
      "avoidParts": [
        "products containing xylitol, also called birch sugar"
      ],
      "processedWarning": "Sugar-free nut spreads may contain xylitol; cocoa, substantial salt, sugar and other nuts can also make blended products unsuitable.",
      "caution": "Peanut butter is generally a poor reward choice for dogs with excess weight, pancreatitis risk or a fat-restricted diet.",
      "sourceIds": [
        "aspcaSafeSnacks",
        "aspcaFoodsToAvoid",
        "fdaXylitol",
        "aahaFeedingPlans",
        "usdaFoodData"
      ],
      "caloriesPer100g": 588,
      "canonicalUrl": "https://futterklar-hundeernaehrung.org/en/guides/what-can-dogs-eat#peanut-butter",
      "categoryLabel": "Nuts & spreads",
      "verdictLabel": "Only small amounts / under certain conditions",
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "aspcaSafeSnacks",
          "title": "Sharing is Caring: Foods You Can Safely Share with Your Pet",
          "organization": "ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center",
          "url": "https://www.aspca.org/news/sharing-caring-foods-you-can-safely-share-your-pet",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Veterinary toxicology guidance on suitable treats, small portions, preparation and hidden xylitol."
        },
        {
          "id": "aspcaFoodsToAvoid",
          "title": "People Foods to Avoid Feeding Your Pets",
          "organization": "ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center",
          "url": "https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/people-foods-avoid-feeding-your-pets",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Overview of alcohol, yeast dough, methylxanthines, grapes, Allium species, dairy products, nuts, raw eggs and xylitol."
        },
        {
          "id": "fdaXylitol",
          "title": "Paws Off Xylitol; It's Dangerous for Dogs",
          "organization": "U.S. Food and Drug Administration",
          "url": "https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/paws-xylitol-its-dangerous-dogs",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Government safety notice on xylitol in sugar-free products and its possible acute effects in dogs."
        },
        {
          "id": "aahaFeedingPlans",
          "title": "Feeding Plans for Healthy, Appropriate Weight Cats and Dogs",
          "organization": "American Animal Hospital Association",
          "url": "https://www.aaha.org/resources/2021-aaha-nutrition-and-weight-management-guidelines/feeding-plans-for-healthy-appropriate-weight-cats-and-dogs/",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Clinical guideline for accounting for extras and treats within a complete daily feeding plan."
        },
        {
          "id": "usdaFoodData",
          "title": "FoodData Central",
          "organization": "U.S. Department of Agriculture",
          "url": "https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Primary database used for rounded calorie reference values per 100 grams; variety, ripeness and preparation can change these values."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "food-strawberry",
      "slug": "strawberry",
      "name": "Strawberry",
      "aliases": [
        "strawberries"
      ],
      "category": "fruit",
      "verdict": "suitable",
      "oneLine": "Yes — ripe, washed strawberries can be offered without additives as an occasional treat.",
      "reason": "The ASPCA includes strawberries among suitable treats; like other fruit, they are an extra rather than a necessary part of the main diet.",
      "preparation": "Wash them, remove the leafy top and cut them as appropriate for your dog's size.",
      "avoidParts": [
        "leafy top",
        "spoiled or moldy fruit"
      ],
      "processedWarning": "Do not offer sugared strawberries, jam, ice cream, or desserts containing chocolate or xylitol.",
      "caution": "For dogs with sensitive digestion, introduce it first as a single new food in a very small amount.",
      "sourceIds": [
        "aspcaSafeSnacks",
        "aahaFeedingPlans",
        "usdaFoodData"
      ],
      "caloriesPer100g": 32,
      "canonicalUrl": "https://futterklar-hundeernaehrung.org/en/foods/strawberry",
      "categoryLabel": "Fruit",
      "verdictLabel": "Suitable as an occasional treat",
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "aspcaSafeSnacks",
          "title": "Sharing is Caring: Foods You Can Safely Share with Your Pet",
          "organization": "ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center",
          "url": "https://www.aspca.org/news/sharing-caring-foods-you-can-safely-share-your-pet",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Veterinary toxicology guidance on suitable treats, small portions, preparation and hidden xylitol."
        },
        {
          "id": "aahaFeedingPlans",
          "title": "Feeding Plans for Healthy, Appropriate Weight Cats and Dogs",
          "organization": "American Animal Hospital Association",
          "url": "https://www.aaha.org/resources/2021-aaha-nutrition-and-weight-management-guidelines/feeding-plans-for-healthy-appropriate-weight-cats-and-dogs/",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Clinical guideline for accounting for extras and treats within a complete daily feeding plan."
        },
        {
          "id": "usdaFoodData",
          "title": "FoodData Central",
          "organization": "U.S. Department of Agriculture",
          "url": "https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Primary database used for rounded calorie reference values per 100 grams; variety, ripeness and preparation can change these values."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "food-cucumber",
      "slug": "cucumber",
      "name": "Cucumber",
      "aliases": [
        "garden cucumber",
        "cucumbers"
      ],
      "category": "vegetables",
      "verdict": "suitable",
      "oneLine": "Yes — fresh cucumber is suitable plain and in small pieces as an occasional treat.",
      "reason": "The ASPCA lists cucumber as a suitable treat, and it is lower in energy than many other extras.",
      "preparation": "Wash it and cut it into small slices or pieces; peel it if the skin is particularly tough.",
      "avoidParts": [
        "large pieces that might be swallowed without chewing"
      ],
      "processedWarning": "Pickled cucumbers are not equivalent to fresh cucumber because of salt, acid, sugar and seasonings.",
      "caution": "Very large or unfamiliar amounts may cause soft stool or stomach upset.",
      "sourceIds": [
        "aspcaSafeSnacks",
        "aahaFeedingPlans",
        "usdaFoodData"
      ],
      "caloriesPer100g": 15,
      "canonicalUrl": "https://futterklar-hundeernaehrung.org/en/foods/cucumber",
      "categoryLabel": "Vegetables",
      "verdictLabel": "Suitable as an occasional treat",
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "aspcaSafeSnacks",
          "title": "Sharing is Caring: Foods You Can Safely Share with Your Pet",
          "organization": "ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center",
          "url": "https://www.aspca.org/news/sharing-caring-foods-you-can-safely-share-your-pet",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Veterinary toxicology guidance on suitable treats, small portions, preparation and hidden xylitol."
        },
        {
          "id": "aahaFeedingPlans",
          "title": "Feeding Plans for Healthy, Appropriate Weight Cats and Dogs",
          "organization": "American Animal Hospital Association",
          "url": "https://www.aaha.org/resources/2021-aaha-nutrition-and-weight-management-guidelines/feeding-plans-for-healthy-appropriate-weight-cats-and-dogs/",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Clinical guideline for accounting for extras and treats within a complete daily feeding plan."
        },
        {
          "id": "usdaFoodData",
          "title": "FoodData Central",
          "organization": "U.S. Department of Agriculture",
          "url": "https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Primary database used for rounded calorie reference values per 100 grams; variety, ripeness and preparation can change these values."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "food-raw-yeast-dough",
      "slug": "raw-yeast-dough",
      "name": "Raw yeast dough",
      "aliases": [
        "yeast dough",
        "bread dough",
        "pizza dough",
        "raw dough"
      ],
      "category": "baking-staples",
      "verdict": "danger",
      "oneLine": "No — raw yeast dough can expand in the stomach and produce alcohol as it ferments.",
      "reason": "Rising dough can severely distend the stomach; yeast fermentation also produces ethanol, creating a second acute risk.",
      "preparation": "Never offer raw dough, and keep it out of reach while it is rising.",
      "avoidParts": [
        "all raw yeast dough"
      ],
      "processedWarning": "Prepared bread, pizza or sweet yeast dough remains hazardous until it has been fully baked.",
      "caution": "If ingestion may have occurred, call a veterinarian or emergency clinic immediately; do not wait for visible abdominal signs.",
      "sourceIds": [
        "aspcaFoodsToAvoid",
        "msdFoodHazards"
      ],
      "canonicalUrl": "https://futterklar-hundeernaehrung.org/en/guides/what-can-dogs-eat#raw-yeast-dough",
      "categoryLabel": "Baking & pantry staples",
      "verdictLabel": "Potentially dangerous",
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "aspcaFoodsToAvoid",
          "title": "People Foods to Avoid Feeding Your Pets",
          "organization": "ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center",
          "url": "https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/people-foods-avoid-feeding-your-pets",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Overview of alcohol, yeast dough, methylxanthines, grapes, Allium species, dairy products, nuts, raw eggs and xylitol."
        },
        {
          "id": "msdFoodHazards",
          "title": "Food Hazards",
          "organization": "MSD Veterinary Manual",
          "url": "https://www.msdvetmanual.com/special-pet-topics/poisoning/food-hazards",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Veterinary-reviewed overview of yeast dough, chocolate, macadamia nuts, grapes and raisins, and xylitol."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "food-raspberry",
      "slug": "raspberry",
      "name": "Raspberry",
      "aliases": [
        "raspberries"
      ],
      "category": "fruit",
      "verdict": "limited",
      "oneLine": "Yes, but only a little — ripe, washed raspberries may be offered plain as an occasional extra.",
      "reason": "Raspberries are not among the common food toxins described in the veterinary sources used here; their acidity, natural sugar and fiber still limit their role as a treat.",
      "preparation": "Wash them, remove any stem remnants and offer them plain.",
      "avoidParts": [
        "stem remnants",
        "spoiled or moldy fruit"
      ],
      "processedWarning": "Do not offer jam, syrup, ice cream or sugar-free desserts containing unspecified sweeteners.",
      "caution": "Ask your veterinarian first if your dog has sensitive digestion, diabetes or is on a diagnostic diet.",
      "sourceIds": [
        "aahaFeedingPlans",
        "usdaFoodData"
      ],
      "caloriesPer100g": 52,
      "canonicalUrl": "https://futterklar-hundeernaehrung.org/en/foods/raspberry",
      "categoryLabel": "Fruit",
      "verdictLabel": "Only small amounts / under certain conditions",
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "aahaFeedingPlans",
          "title": "Feeding Plans for Healthy, Appropriate Weight Cats and Dogs",
          "organization": "American Animal Hospital Association",
          "url": "https://www.aaha.org/resources/2021-aaha-nutrition-and-weight-management-guidelines/feeding-plans-for-healthy-appropriate-weight-cats-and-dogs/",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Clinical guideline for accounting for extras and treats within a complete daily feeding plan."
        },
        {
          "id": "usdaFoodData",
          "title": "FoodData Central",
          "organization": "U.S. Department of Agriculture",
          "url": "https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Primary database used for rounded calorie reference values per 100 grams; variety, ripeness and preparation can change these values."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "food-currants",
      "slug": "currants",
      "name": "Currants (Ribes berries)",
      "aliases": [
        "redcurrant",
        "blackcurrant",
        "red currant",
        "black currant",
        "Ribes"
      ],
      "category": "fruit",
      "verdict": "limited",
      "oneLine": "Only genuine fresh Ribes currants may be considered in small amounts; if the name or species is unclear, do not offer them.",
      "reason": "Fresh Ribes currants are not the same as Zante currants or other dried grapes labeled “currants.” This naming confusion has important safety implications.",
      "preparation": "Confirm the species, wash the berries, remove the stems and use only fresh berries served plain.",
      "avoidParts": [
        "stems",
        "spoiled or moldy fruit"
      ],
      "processedWarning": "Zante currants are dried grapes and must be treated like raisins; also avoid mixed fruit and dried-fruit products.",
      "caution": "If the origin or botanical species is unclear, do not feed it. If Zante currants or raisins may have been eaten, call a veterinarian immediately.",
      "sourceIds": [
        "aspcaFoodsToAvoid",
        "msdFoodHazards",
        "aahaFeedingPlans"
      ],
      "caloriesPer100g": 56,
      "canonicalUrl": "https://futterklar-hundeernaehrung.org/en/guides/what-can-dogs-eat#currants",
      "categoryLabel": "Fruit",
      "verdictLabel": "Only small amounts / under certain conditions",
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "aspcaFoodsToAvoid",
          "title": "People Foods to Avoid Feeding Your Pets",
          "organization": "ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center",
          "url": "https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/people-foods-avoid-feeding-your-pets",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Overview of alcohol, yeast dough, methylxanthines, grapes, Allium species, dairy products, nuts, raw eggs and xylitol."
        },
        {
          "id": "msdFoodHazards",
          "title": "Food Hazards",
          "organization": "MSD Veterinary Manual",
          "url": "https://www.msdvetmanual.com/special-pet-topics/poisoning/food-hazards",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Veterinary-reviewed overview of yeast dough, chocolate, macadamia nuts, grapes and raisins, and xylitol."
        },
        {
          "id": "aahaFeedingPlans",
          "title": "Feeding Plans for Healthy, Appropriate Weight Cats and Dogs",
          "organization": "American Animal Hospital Association",
          "url": "https://www.aaha.org/resources/2021-aaha-nutrition-and-weight-management-guidelines/feeding-plans-for-healthy-appropriate-weight-cats-and-dogs/",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Clinical guideline for accounting for extras and treats within a complete daily feeding plan."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "food-cheese",
      "slug": "cheese",
      "name": "Cheese",
      "aliases": [
        "cheddar",
        "gouda",
        "cream cheese"
      ],
      "category": "animal-products",
      "verdict": "limited",
      "oneLine": "Only a little — a small piece of plain cheese may be tolerated, but cheese is often high in fat, salt and calories.",
      "reason": "The ASPCA mentions cheese as an occasional treat option, while noting that dairy products can cause digestive upset because pets have limited lactase activity.",
      "preparation": "Choose only a plain, pasteurized variety without seasonings or additional ingredients.",
      "avoidParts": [
        "rind with unknown treatment",
        "moldy cheese"
      ],
      "processedWarning": "Do not offer cheese preparations containing onion, garlic, herb blends, mold or substantial salt.",
      "caution": "It is best avoided for dogs with lactose sensitivity, excess weight, pancreatitis risk or a sodium-restricted diet.",
      "sourceIds": [
        "aspcaSafeSnacks",
        "aspcaFoodsToAvoid",
        "aahaFeedingPlans"
      ],
      "canonicalUrl": "https://futterklar-hundeernaehrung.org/en/guides/what-can-dogs-eat#cheese",
      "categoryLabel": "Animal products",
      "verdictLabel": "Only small amounts / under certain conditions",
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "aspcaSafeSnacks",
          "title": "Sharing is Caring: Foods You Can Safely Share with Your Pet",
          "organization": "ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center",
          "url": "https://www.aspca.org/news/sharing-caring-foods-you-can-safely-share-your-pet",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Veterinary toxicology guidance on suitable treats, small portions, preparation and hidden xylitol."
        },
        {
          "id": "aspcaFoodsToAvoid",
          "title": "People Foods to Avoid Feeding Your Pets",
          "organization": "ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center",
          "url": "https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/people-foods-avoid-feeding-your-pets",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Overview of alcohol, yeast dough, methylxanthines, grapes, Allium species, dairy products, nuts, raw eggs and xylitol."
        },
        {
          "id": "aahaFeedingPlans",
          "title": "Feeding Plans for Healthy, Appropriate Weight Cats and Dogs",
          "organization": "American Animal Hospital Association",
          "url": "https://www.aaha.org/resources/2021-aaha-nutrition-and-weight-management-guidelines/feeding-plans-for-healthy-appropriate-weight-cats-and-dogs/",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Clinical guideline for accounting for extras and treats within a complete daily feeding plan."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "food-coffee-caffeine",
      "slug": "coffee-caffeine",
      "name": "Coffee & caffeine",
      "aliases": [
        "coffee",
        "caffeine",
        "espresso",
        "energy drink",
        "tea bag",
        "coffee grounds"
      ],
      "category": "sweets-drinks",
      "verdict": "danger",
      "oneLine": "No — coffee, coffee grounds and other concentrated caffeine sources can cause acute poisoning in dogs.",
      "reason": "Like theobromine, caffeine is a methylxanthine and may cause restlessness, abnormal heart rhythms, tremors and seizures, among other effects.",
      "preparation": "Keep drinks, beans, powder, coffee grounds, tea bags and supplements out of reach.",
      "avoidParts": [
        "drink",
        "beans",
        "powder",
        "coffee grounds",
        "tea bags"
      ],
      "processedWarning": "Energy drinks, caffeine tablets, pre-workout products and some sweets may also be relevant sources.",
      "caution": "If ingestion may have occurred, call a veterinarian immediately and have the package or caffeine content ready.",
      "sourceIds": [
        "aspcaFoodsToAvoid",
        "msdFoodHazards"
      ],
      "canonicalUrl": "https://futterklar-hundeernaehrung.org/en/guides/what-can-dogs-eat#coffee-caffeine",
      "categoryLabel": "Sweets & drinks",
      "verdictLabel": "Potentially dangerous",
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "aspcaFoodsToAvoid",
          "title": "People Foods to Avoid Feeding Your Pets",
          "organization": "ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center",
          "url": "https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/people-foods-avoid-feeding-your-pets",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Overview of alcohol, yeast dough, methylxanthines, grapes, Allium species, dairy products, nuts, raw eggs and xylitol."
        },
        {
          "id": "msdFoodHazards",
          "title": "Food Hazards",
          "organization": "MSD Veterinary Manual",
          "url": "https://www.msdvetmanual.com/special-pet-topics/poisoning/food-hazards",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Veterinary-reviewed overview of yeast dough, chocolate, macadamia nuts, grapes and raisins, and xylitol."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "food-carrot",
      "slug": "carrot",
      "name": "Carrot",
      "aliases": [
        "carrots"
      ],
      "category": "vegetables",
      "verdict": "suitable",
      "oneLine": "Yes — carrot can be offered plain, raw or cooked as an occasional treat.",
      "reason": "The ASPCA includes carrots as a suitable vegetable option; the shape and piece size must be appropriate for the individual dog.",
      "preparation": "Wash it, remove tough ends, and cut, grate or cook it until soft without seasoning.",
      "avoidParts": [
        "very large, hard pieces for dogs that gulp food"
      ],
      "processedWarning": "Do not offer glazed or heavily salted carrots, or carrots seasoned with onion or garlic.",
      "caution": "Even lower-energy treats count toward the daily feeding plan; offer it soft if your dog has chewing or swallowing difficulties.",
      "sourceIds": [
        "aspcaSafeSnacks",
        "aahaFeedingPlans",
        "usdaFoodData"
      ],
      "caloriesPer100g": 41,
      "canonicalUrl": "https://futterklar-hundeernaehrung.org/en/guides/what-can-dogs-eat#carrot",
      "categoryLabel": "Vegetables",
      "verdictLabel": "Suitable as an occasional treat",
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "aspcaSafeSnacks",
          "title": "Sharing is Caring: Foods You Can Safely Share with Your Pet",
          "organization": "ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center",
          "url": "https://www.aspca.org/news/sharing-caring-foods-you-can-safely-share-your-pet",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Veterinary toxicology guidance on suitable treats, small portions, preparation and hidden xylitol."
        },
        {
          "id": "aahaFeedingPlans",
          "title": "Feeding Plans for Healthy, Appropriate Weight Cats and Dogs",
          "organization": "American Animal Hospital Association",
          "url": "https://www.aaha.org/resources/2021-aaha-nutrition-and-weight-management-guidelines/feeding-plans-for-healthy-appropriate-weight-cats-and-dogs/",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Clinical guideline for accounting for extras and treats within a complete daily feeding plan."
        },
        {
          "id": "usdaFoodData",
          "title": "FoodData Central",
          "organization": "U.S. Department of Agriculture",
          "url": "https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Primary database used for rounded calorie reference values per 100 grams; variety, ripeness and preparation can change these values."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "food-potato",
      "slug": "potato",
      "name": "Potato",
      "aliases": [
        "potatoes",
        "white potato"
      ],
      "category": "vegetables",
      "verdict": "limited",
      "oneLine": "Only fully cooked, non-green and unseasoned — avoid raw, sprouted or green potatoes.",
      "reason": "Green or raw plant material may contain relevant glycoalkaloids; cooked potato is also an energy-dense extra, not a balanced meal.",
      "preparation": "Remove green areas and sprouts generously, cook it through completely and serve without fat or seasoning.",
      "avoidParts": [
        "green areas",
        "sprouts",
        "leaves",
        "stems",
        "raw tuber"
      ],
      "processedWarning": "French fries, chips, fried potatoes, potato salad and mashed potato often contain substantial fat, salt, dairy or Allium seasonings.",
      "caution": "Seek veterinary advice if green, sprouted or raw potato material has been eaten.",
      "sourceIds": [
        "aspcaPotato",
        "aahaFeedingPlans",
        "usdaFoodData"
      ],
      "caloriesPer100g": 87,
      "canonicalUrl": "https://futterklar-hundeernaehrung.org/en/foods/potato",
      "categoryLabel": "Vegetables",
      "verdictLabel": "Only small amounts / under certain conditions",
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "aspcaPotato",
          "title": "Potato",
          "organization": "ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center",
          "url": "https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/animal-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/potato",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Plant database entry on solanine in green plant parts and in raw or green potatoes."
        },
        {
          "id": "aahaFeedingPlans",
          "title": "Feeding Plans for Healthy, Appropriate Weight Cats and Dogs",
          "organization": "American Animal Hospital Association",
          "url": "https://www.aaha.org/resources/2021-aaha-nutrition-and-weight-management-guidelines/feeding-plans-for-healthy-appropriate-weight-cats-and-dogs/",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Clinical guideline for accounting for extras and treats within a complete daily feeding plan."
        },
        {
          "id": "usdaFoodData",
          "title": "FoodData Central",
          "organization": "U.S. Department of Agriculture",
          "url": "https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Primary database used for rounded calorie reference values per 100 grams; variety, ripeness and preparation can change these values."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "food-cherry",
      "slug": "cherry",
      "name": "Cherry",
      "aliases": [
        "cherries",
        "sweet cherry",
        "sour cherry"
      ],
      "category": "fruit",
      "verdict": "limited",
      "oneLine": "Only a little and strictly pitted — ripe flesh must be separated from the hazardous pit and plant parts.",
      "reason": "According to the ASPCA, ripe fruit flesh is non-toxic, while seeds, stems and leaves contain cyanogenic compounds; whole pits may also act as foreign bodies.",
      "preparation": "Remove the stem and pit completely, inspect the flesh and cut it into small pieces.",
      "avoidParts": [
        "pit",
        "stem",
        "leaves",
        "unripe plant material"
      ],
      "processedWarning": "Do not offer cocktail cherries, fruit canned in syrup, baked goods, or cherry products containing alcohol or xylitol.",
      "caution": "Seek veterinary advice if a pit, other plant material or an uncertain amount has been swallowed.",
      "sourceIds": [
        "aspcaCherry",
        "aahaFeedingPlans",
        "usdaFoodData"
      ],
      "caloriesPer100g": 63,
      "canonicalUrl": "https://futterklar-hundeernaehrung.org/en/foods/cherry",
      "categoryLabel": "Fruit",
      "verdictLabel": "Only small amounts / under certain conditions",
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "aspcaCherry",
          "title": "Cherry",
          "organization": "ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center",
          "url": "https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/cherry",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Plant database entry distinguishing ripe fruit flesh from seeds, stems and leaves."
        },
        {
          "id": "aahaFeedingPlans",
          "title": "Feeding Plans for Healthy, Appropriate Weight Cats and Dogs",
          "organization": "American Animal Hospital Association",
          "url": "https://www.aaha.org/resources/2021-aaha-nutrition-and-weight-management-guidelines/feeding-plans-for-healthy-appropriate-weight-cats-and-dogs/",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Clinical guideline for accounting for extras and treats within a complete daily feeding plan."
        },
        {
          "id": "usdaFoodData",
          "title": "FoodData Central",
          "organization": "U.S. Department of Agriculture",
          "url": "https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Primary database used for rounded calorie reference values per 100 grams; variety, ripeness and preparation can change these values."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "food-garlic",
      "slug": "garlic",
      "name": "Garlic",
      "aliases": [
        "garlic powder",
        "Allium sativum"
      ],
      "category": "vegetables",
      "verdict": "danger",
      "oneLine": "No — garlic is an Allium species and can damage red blood cells.",
      "reason": "Allium species can cause gastrointestinal irritation and oxidative damage to red blood cells; the risk to a dog depends in part on the amount eaten.",
      "preparation": "Do not intentionally feed it, and keep foods containing garlic out of reach.",
      "avoidParts": [
        "bulb",
        "cloves",
        "leaves",
        "powder"
      ],
      "processedWarning": "Garlic is often concentrated in seasoning powders, marinades, stocks, sauces, pesto and supplements.",
      "caution": "If ingestion may have occurred, record the product, form, estimated amount and time, then contact a veterinarian.",
      "sourceIds": [
        "aspcaFoodsToAvoid"
      ],
      "canonicalUrl": "https://futterklar-hundeernaehrung.org/en/guides/what-can-dogs-eat#garlic",
      "categoryLabel": "Vegetables",
      "verdictLabel": "Potentially dangerous",
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "aspcaFoodsToAvoid",
          "title": "People Foods to Avoid Feeding Your Pets",
          "organization": "ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center",
          "url": "https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/people-foods-avoid-feeding-your-pets",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Overview of alcohol, yeast dough, methylxanthines, grapes, Allium species, dairy products, nuts, raw eggs and xylitol."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "food-pumpkin",
      "slug": "pumpkin",
      "name": "Pumpkin",
      "aliases": [
        "winter squash",
        "butternut squash",
        "plain pumpkin purée"
      ],
      "category": "vegetables",
      "verdict": "suitable",
      "oneLine": "Yes — edible pumpkin or squash can be offered fully cooked and unseasoned as an occasional extra.",
      "reason": "The ASPCA includes cooked or plain canned pumpkin among suitable vegetable options.",
      "preparation": "Use only a clearly identified edible variety, cook it until soft, and remove the tough skin, stem and coarse seeds.",
      "avoidParts": [
        "stem",
        "tough skin",
        "coarse seeds",
        "unidentified ornamental gourds"
      ],
      "processedWarning": "Pumpkin pie filling, seasoned soup and prepared dishes may contain sugar, fat, nutmeg, onion or garlic.",
      "caution": "Do not offer bitter-tasting cucurbits; stop if an unfamiliar digestive reaction occurs.",
      "sourceIds": [
        "aspcaSafeSnacks",
        "aahaFeedingPlans",
        "usdaFoodData"
      ],
      "caloriesPer100g": 20,
      "canonicalUrl": "https://futterklar-hundeernaehrung.org/en/guides/what-can-dogs-eat#pumpkin",
      "categoryLabel": "Vegetables",
      "verdictLabel": "Suitable as an occasional treat",
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "aspcaSafeSnacks",
          "title": "Sharing is Caring: Foods You Can Safely Share with Your Pet",
          "organization": "ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center",
          "url": "https://www.aspca.org/news/sharing-caring-foods-you-can-safely-share-your-pet",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Veterinary toxicology guidance on suitable treats, small portions, preparation and hidden xylitol."
        },
        {
          "id": "aahaFeedingPlans",
          "title": "Feeding Plans for Healthy, Appropriate Weight Cats and Dogs",
          "organization": "American Animal Hospital Association",
          "url": "https://www.aaha.org/resources/2021-aaha-nutrition-and-weight-management-guidelines/feeding-plans-for-healthy-appropriate-weight-cats-and-dogs/",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Clinical guideline for accounting for extras and treats within a complete daily feeding plan."
        },
        {
          "id": "usdaFoodData",
          "title": "FoodData Central",
          "organization": "U.S. Department of Agriculture",
          "url": "https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Primary database used for rounded calorie reference values per 100 grams; variety, ripeness and preparation can change these values."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "food-macadamia-nut",
      "slug": "macadamia-nut",
      "name": "Macadamia nut",
      "aliases": [
        "macadamia",
        "macadamia nuts"
      ],
      "category": "nuts-spreads",
      "verdict": "danger",
      "oneLine": "No — macadamia nuts can cause vomiting, weakness, poor coordination, tremors and overheating in dogs.",
      "reason": "Macadamia nuts are a food hazard specifically documented in dogs; the underlying toxic mechanism cannot be reliably assessed with a kitchen rule.",
      "preparation": "Do not offer them, and store nut mixes and baked goods securely.",
      "avoidParts": [
        "whole nut",
        "nut pieces",
        "macadamia oil in blended products"
      ],
      "processedWarning": "Macadamia may be hidden in cookies, chocolate, nut mixes, spreads and baked goods.",
      "caution": "Call a veterinarian if ingestion may have occurred; products that also contain chocolate or xylitol make the situation even more urgent.",
      "sourceIds": [
        "aspcaFoodsToAvoid",
        "msdFoodHazards"
      ],
      "canonicalUrl": "https://futterklar-hundeernaehrung.org/en/guides/what-can-dogs-eat#macadamia-nut",
      "categoryLabel": "Nuts & spreads",
      "verdictLabel": "Potentially dangerous",
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "aspcaFoodsToAvoid",
          "title": "People Foods to Avoid Feeding Your Pets",
          "organization": "ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center",
          "url": "https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/people-foods-avoid-feeding-your-pets",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Overview of alcohol, yeast dough, methylxanthines, grapes, Allium species, dairy products, nuts, raw eggs and xylitol."
        },
        {
          "id": "msdFoodHazards",
          "title": "Food Hazards",
          "organization": "MSD Veterinary Manual",
          "url": "https://www.msdvetmanual.com/special-pet-topics/poisoning/food-hazards",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Veterinary-reviewed overview of yeast dough, chocolate, macadamia nuts, grapes and raisins, and xylitol."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "food-almond",
      "slug": "almond",
      "name": "Almond",
      "aliases": [
        "almonds",
        "almond butter"
      ],
      "category": "nuts-spreads",
      "verdict": "avoid",
      "oneLine": "Best avoided — almonds are not a useful dog treat and introduce fat, digestive and choking risks.",
      "reason": "The ASPCA warns that nuts, including almonds, have a high oil and fat content that can contribute to vomiting, diarrhea and further problems in susceptible animals.",
      "preparation": "Do not plan them as a treat; choose a safer, lower-energy alternative.",
      "avoidParts": [
        "whole nut",
        "shell"
      ],
      "processedWarning": "Salted, seasoned, chocolate-coated or sugar-free sweetened almonds and nut mixes may introduce additional hazards.",
      "caution": "Seek veterinary advice after a large ingestion, if signs develop or if the product may have contained other ingredients.",
      "sourceIds": [
        "aspcaFoodsToAvoid",
        "aahaFeedingPlans",
        "usdaFoodData"
      ],
      "caloriesPer100g": 579,
      "canonicalUrl": "https://futterklar-hundeernaehrung.org/en/guides/what-can-dogs-eat#almond",
      "categoryLabel": "Nuts & spreads",
      "verdictLabel": "Best avoided",
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "aspcaFoodsToAvoid",
          "title": "People Foods to Avoid Feeding Your Pets",
          "organization": "ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center",
          "url": "https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/people-foods-avoid-feeding-your-pets",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Overview of alcohol, yeast dough, methylxanthines, grapes, Allium species, dairy products, nuts, raw eggs and xylitol."
        },
        {
          "id": "aahaFeedingPlans",
          "title": "Feeding Plans for Healthy, Appropriate Weight Cats and Dogs",
          "organization": "American Animal Hospital Association",
          "url": "https://www.aaha.org/resources/2021-aaha-nutrition-and-weight-management-guidelines/feeding-plans-for-healthy-appropriate-weight-cats-and-dogs/",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Clinical guideline for accounting for extras and treats within a complete daily feeding plan."
        },
        {
          "id": "usdaFoodData",
          "title": "FoodData Central",
          "organization": "U.S. Department of Agriculture",
          "url": "https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Primary database used for rounded calorie reference values per 100 grams; variety, ripeness and preparation can change these values."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "food-bell-pepper",
      "slug": "bell-pepper",
      "name": "Bell pepper",
      "aliases": [
        "sweet pepper",
        "red bell pepper",
        "yellow bell pepper",
        "capsicum"
      ],
      "category": "vegetables",
      "verdict": "limited",
      "oneLine": "Yes, but only mild, ripe bell pepper served plain and in small, easy-to-chew pieces.",
      "reason": "Mild bell pepper is not among the common food toxins described in the veterinary sources used here; heat, seasonings and large raw pieces may still cause irritation.",
      "preparation": "Wash it, remove the stem, white membranes and seeds, then cut it small or cook it until soft without seasoning.",
      "avoidParts": [
        "stem",
        "spoiled areas"
      ],
      "processedWarning": "Do not offer hot peppers, chili powder, pickled peppers or seasoned pepper dishes.",
      "caution": "Avoid it initially for dogs with sensitive stomachs; heat or digestive signs are reasons to stop.",
      "sourceIds": [
        "aahaFeedingPlans",
        "usdaFoodData"
      ],
      "caloriesPer100g": 31,
      "canonicalUrl": "https://futterklar-hundeernaehrung.org/en/foods/bell-pepper",
      "categoryLabel": "Vegetables",
      "verdictLabel": "Only small amounts / under certain conditions",
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "aahaFeedingPlans",
          "title": "Feeding Plans for Healthy, Appropriate Weight Cats and Dogs",
          "organization": "American Animal Hospital Association",
          "url": "https://www.aaha.org/resources/2021-aaha-nutrition-and-weight-management-guidelines/feeding-plans-for-healthy-appropriate-weight-cats-and-dogs/",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Clinical guideline for accounting for extras and treats within a complete daily feeding plan."
        },
        {
          "id": "usdaFoodData",
          "title": "FoodData Central",
          "organization": "U.S. Department of Agriculture",
          "url": "https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Primary database used for rounded calorie reference values per 100 grams; variety, ripeness and preparation can change these values."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "food-asparagus",
      "slug": "asparagus",
      "name": "Asparagus",
      "aliases": [
        "green asparagus",
        "white asparagus"
      ],
      "category": "vegetables",
      "verdict": "limited",
      "oneLine": "Yes, but only cooked until soft, unseasoned and cut small; raw asparagus is unnecessarily tough and fibrous.",
      "reason": "Culinary asparagus is not a common food toxin, but as an extra it offers no benefit that justifies tough raw stalks or rich preparations.",
      "preparation": "Remove the woody ends, cook it until fully soft and cut it into small pieces.",
      "avoidParts": [
        "woody ends",
        "large, hard pieces"
      ],
      "processedWarning": "Do not offer hollandaise sauce, butter, bacon, seasoning blends or asparagus packed in heavily salted brine.",
      "caution": "Ask your veterinarian before introducing new extras if your dog has sensitive digestion or is on a medical diet.",
      "sourceIds": [
        "aahaFeedingPlans",
        "usdaFoodData"
      ],
      "caloriesPer100g": 20,
      "canonicalUrl": "https://futterklar-hundeernaehrung.org/en/foods/asparagus",
      "categoryLabel": "Vegetables",
      "verdictLabel": "Only small amounts / under certain conditions",
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "aahaFeedingPlans",
          "title": "Feeding Plans for Healthy, Appropriate Weight Cats and Dogs",
          "organization": "American Animal Hospital Association",
          "url": "https://www.aaha.org/resources/2021-aaha-nutrition-and-weight-management-guidelines/feeding-plans-for-healthy-appropriate-weight-cats-and-dogs/",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Clinical guideline for accounting for extras and treats within a complete daily feeding plan."
        },
        {
          "id": "usdaFoodData",
          "title": "FoodData Central",
          "organization": "U.S. Department of Agriculture",
          "url": "https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Primary database used for rounded calorie reference values per 100 grams; variety, ripeness and preparation can change these values."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "food-chocolate-cocoa",
      "slug": "chocolate-cocoa",
      "name": "Chocolate & cocoa",
      "aliases": [
        "chocolate",
        "cocoa",
        "cocoa powder",
        "baking chocolate",
        "theobromine"
      ],
      "category": "sweets-drinks",
      "verdict": "danger",
      "oneLine": "No — chocolate and cocoa can seriously harm a dog's heart, nervous system and digestive tract.",
      "reason": "Theobromine and caffeine are methylxanthines that are hazardous to dogs; dark products and cocoa powder are often especially concentrated, but no type belongs in dog food.",
      "preparation": "Do not offer it, and store cocoa products securely in closed containers.",
      "avoidParts": [
        "all cocoa-containing ingredients"
      ],
      "processedWarning": "Cakes, cookies, cocoa mulch, protein products and chocolate spreads may also contain relevant amounts or additional toxins such as xylitol.",
      "caution": "If ingestion may have occurred, call a veterinarian or emergency clinic immediately and provide the package, type, amount, time and your dog's weight.",
      "sourceIds": [
        "aspcaFoodsToAvoid",
        "msdFoodHazards"
      ],
      "canonicalUrl": "https://futterklar-hundeernaehrung.org/en/foods/chocolate-cocoa",
      "categoryLabel": "Sweets & drinks",
      "verdictLabel": "Potentially dangerous",
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "aspcaFoodsToAvoid",
          "title": "People Foods to Avoid Feeding Your Pets",
          "organization": "ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center",
          "url": "https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/people-foods-avoid-feeding-your-pets",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Overview of alcohol, yeast dough, methylxanthines, grapes, Allium species, dairy products, nuts, raw eggs and xylitol."
        },
        {
          "id": "msdFoodHazards",
          "title": "Food Hazards",
          "organization": "MSD Veterinary Manual",
          "url": "https://www.msdvetmanual.com/special-pet-topics/poisoning/food-hazards",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Veterinary-reviewed overview of yeast dough, chocolate, macadamia nuts, grapes and raisins, and xylitol."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "food-sweet-potato",
      "slug": "sweet-potato",
      "name": "Sweet potato",
      "aliases": [
        "yam",
        "sweet potatoes"
      ],
      "category": "vegetables",
      "verdict": "limited",
      "oneLine": "Yes, but only fully cooked, unseasoned and offered as an occasional extra.",
      "reason": "Cooked sweet potato is not among the common food toxins, but it is starchy and energy-dense and does not replace a balanced diet.",
      "preparation": "Peel it, cook it until fully soft, allow it to cool, and cut it into small pieces or mash it.",
      "avoidParts": [
        "hard raw pieces",
        "spoiled or moldy areas"
      ],
      "processedWarning": "Do not offer fries, chips, casseroles or mash containing fat, salt, sugar, onion or garlic.",
      "caution": "Ask your veterinarian first if your dog has excess weight, diabetes or a carbohydrate-controlled medical diet.",
      "sourceIds": [
        "aahaFeedingPlans",
        "usdaFoodData"
      ],
      "caloriesPer100g": 90,
      "canonicalUrl": "https://futterklar-hundeernaehrung.org/en/guides/what-can-dogs-eat#sweet-potato",
      "categoryLabel": "Vegetables",
      "verdictLabel": "Only small amounts / under certain conditions",
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "aahaFeedingPlans",
          "title": "Feeding Plans for Healthy, Appropriate Weight Cats and Dogs",
          "organization": "American Animal Hospital Association",
          "url": "https://www.aaha.org/resources/2021-aaha-nutrition-and-weight-management-guidelines/feeding-plans-for-healthy-appropriate-weight-cats-and-dogs/",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Clinical guideline for accounting for extras and treats within a complete daily feeding plan."
        },
        {
          "id": "usdaFoodData",
          "title": "FoodData Central",
          "organization": "U.S. Department of Agriculture",
          "url": "https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Primary database used for rounded calorie reference values per 100 grams; variety, ripeness and preparation can change these values."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "food-tomato",
      "slug": "tomato",
      "name": "Tomato",
      "aliases": [
        "tomatoes"
      ],
      "category": "vegetables",
      "verdict": "limited",
      "oneLine": "Only a little, and only fully ripe red flesh — avoid green fruit and all green plant material.",
      "reason": "Green parts of the tomato plant and unripe fruit contain higher concentrations of problematic glycoalkaloids than fully ripe flesh.",
      "preparation": "Use only a fully ripe red tomato, remove the stem end and all green parts, wash it and cut it small.",
      "avoidParts": [
        "stem",
        "leaves",
        "vines",
        "green or unripe fruit"
      ],
      "processedWarning": "Tomato sauce, ketchup, soup, pizza and canned preparations often contain onion, garlic, salt, sugar or other seasonings.",
      "caution": "Seek veterinary advice if a larger amount of green plant material has been eaten or if signs develop.",
      "sourceIds": [
        "aspcaTomato",
        "aahaFeedingPlans",
        "usdaFoodData"
      ],
      "caloriesPer100g": 18,
      "canonicalUrl": "https://futterklar-hundeernaehrung.org/en/foods/tomato",
      "categoryLabel": "Vegetables",
      "verdictLabel": "Only small amounts / under certain conditions",
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "aspcaTomato",
          "title": "Tomato Plant",
          "organization": "ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center",
          "url": "https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/tomato-plant",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Plant database entry on the risks of unripe fruit and green parts of the tomato plant."
        },
        {
          "id": "aahaFeedingPlans",
          "title": "Feeding Plans for Healthy, Appropriate Weight Cats and Dogs",
          "organization": "American Animal Hospital Association",
          "url": "https://www.aaha.org/resources/2021-aaha-nutrition-and-weight-management-guidelines/feeding-plans-for-healthy-appropriate-weight-cats-and-dogs/",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Clinical guideline for accounting for extras and treats within a complete daily feeding plan."
        },
        {
          "id": "usdaFoodData",
          "title": "FoodData Central",
          "organization": "U.S. Department of Agriculture",
          "url": "https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Primary database used for rounded calorie reference values per 100 grams; variety, ripeness and preparation can change these values."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "food-grapes-raisins",
      "slug": "grapes-raisins",
      "name": "Grapes & raisins",
      "aliases": [
        "grape",
        "raisin",
        "sultana",
        "Zante currant",
        "dried grape"
      ],
      "category": "fruit",
      "verdict": "danger",
      "oneLine": "No — grapes, raisins, sultanas and Zante currants can cause acute kidney injury in dogs.",
      "reason": "Individual sensitivity and the concentration of the suspected tartaric-acid component vary, so there is no reliable kitchen rule for a safe exposure.",
      "preparation": "Do not offer them, and keep grape products out of reach.",
      "avoidParts": [
        "fresh fruit",
        "dried fruit",
        "pieces in baked goods"
      ],
      "processedWarning": "Raisins and Zante currants are often found in cereal, trail mix, fruit bread, buns, cakes and energy bars.",
      "caution": "After any possible ingestion, call a veterinarian or emergency clinic immediately and do not wait for symptoms.",
      "sourceIds": [
        "aspcaFoodsToAvoid",
        "msdFoodHazards"
      ],
      "canonicalUrl": "https://futterklar-hundeernaehrung.org/en/foods/grapes-raisins",
      "categoryLabel": "Fruit",
      "verdictLabel": "Potentially dangerous",
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "aspcaFoodsToAvoid",
          "title": "People Foods to Avoid Feeding Your Pets",
          "organization": "ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center",
          "url": "https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/people-foods-avoid-feeding-your-pets",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Overview of alcohol, yeast dough, methylxanthines, grapes, Allium species, dairy products, nuts, raw eggs and xylitol."
        },
        {
          "id": "msdFoodHazards",
          "title": "Food Hazards",
          "organization": "MSD Veterinary Manual",
          "url": "https://www.msdvetmanual.com/special-pet-topics/poisoning/food-hazards",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Veterinary-reviewed overview of yeast dough, chocolate, macadamia nuts, grapes and raisins, and xylitol."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "food-watermelon",
      "slug": "watermelon",
      "name": "Watermelon",
      "aliases": [
        "melon",
        "seedless watermelon"
      ],
      "category": "fruit",
      "verdict": "suitable",
      "oneLine": "Yes — watermelon flesh can be offered without seeds or rind as an occasional treat.",
      "reason": "The ASPCA lists watermelon as a possible treat; the hard rind and seeds should not be fed.",
      "preparation": "Remove the rind and seeds completely, then cut the flesh into small pieces.",
      "avoidParts": [
        "rind",
        "seeds"
      ],
      "processedWarning": "Do not offer sweetened melon products, syrups, ice cream or mixed drinks.",
      "caution": "Because of its natural sugar and the possibility of digestive upset, use it only as an extra rather than a large meal.",
      "sourceIds": [
        "aspcaSafeSnacks",
        "aahaFeedingPlans",
        "usdaFoodData"
      ],
      "caloriesPer100g": 30,
      "canonicalUrl": "https://futterklar-hundeernaehrung.org/en/foods/watermelon",
      "categoryLabel": "Fruit",
      "verdictLabel": "Suitable as an occasional treat",
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "aspcaSafeSnacks",
          "title": "Sharing is Caring: Foods You Can Safely Share with Your Pet",
          "organization": "ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center",
          "url": "https://www.aspca.org/news/sharing-caring-foods-you-can-safely-share-your-pet",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Veterinary toxicology guidance on suitable treats, small portions, preparation and hidden xylitol."
        },
        {
          "id": "aahaFeedingPlans",
          "title": "Feeding Plans for Healthy, Appropriate Weight Cats and Dogs",
          "organization": "American Animal Hospital Association",
          "url": "https://www.aaha.org/resources/2021-aaha-nutrition-and-weight-management-guidelines/feeding-plans-for-healthy-appropriate-weight-cats-and-dogs/",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Clinical guideline for accounting for extras and treats within a complete daily feeding plan."
        },
        {
          "id": "usdaFoodData",
          "title": "FoodData Central",
          "organization": "U.S. Department of Agriculture",
          "url": "https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Primary database used for rounded calorie reference values per 100 grams; variety, ripeness and preparation can change these values."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "food-xylitol",
      "slug": "xylitol",
      "name": "Xylitol",
      "aliases": [
        "birch sugar",
        "E967",
        "sugar alcohol"
      ],
      "category": "baking-staples",
      "verdict": "danger",
      "oneLine": "No — xylitol can rapidly cause severe hypoglycemia and potentially liver injury in dogs.",
      "reason": "The FDA, ASPCA and MSD describe xylitol as an acute hazard for dogs; it may occur in many sugar-free products and some nut spreads.",
      "preparation": "Check ingredient lists and keep every xylitol-containing product securely out of reach.",
      "avoidParts": [
        "sweetener",
        "powder",
        "any xylitol-containing product"
      ],
      "processedWarning": "Possible sources include chewing gum, candy, baked goods, dental-care products, supplements and sugar-free peanut or nut butter.",
      "caution": "If ingestion may have occurred, call a veterinarian or emergency clinic immediately; do not attempt home treatment or induce vomiting yourself.",
      "sourceIds": [
        "fdaXylitol",
        "aspcaFoodsToAvoid",
        "msdFoodHazards"
      ],
      "canonicalUrl": "https://futterklar-hundeernaehrung.org/en/guides/what-can-dogs-eat#xylitol",
      "categoryLabel": "Baking & pantry staples",
      "verdictLabel": "Potentially dangerous",
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "fdaXylitol",
          "title": "Paws Off Xylitol; It's Dangerous for Dogs",
          "organization": "U.S. Food and Drug Administration",
          "url": "https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/paws-xylitol-its-dangerous-dogs",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Government safety notice on xylitol in sugar-free products and its possible acute effects in dogs."
        },
        {
          "id": "aspcaFoodsToAvoid",
          "title": "People Foods to Avoid Feeding Your Pets",
          "organization": "ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center",
          "url": "https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/people-foods-avoid-feeding-your-pets",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Overview of alcohol, yeast dough, methylxanthines, grapes, Allium species, dairy products, nuts, raw eggs and xylitol."
        },
        {
          "id": "msdFoodHazards",
          "title": "Food Hazards",
          "organization": "MSD Veterinary Manual",
          "url": "https://www.msdvetmanual.com/special-pet-topics/poisoning/food-hazards",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Veterinary-reviewed overview of yeast dough, chocolate, macadamia nuts, grapes and raisins, and xylitol."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "food-onion-alliums",
      "slug": "onion-alliums",
      "name": "Onion & related alliums",
      "aliases": [
        "onion",
        "onion powder",
        "leek",
        "chive",
        "shallot",
        "scallion",
        "Allium"
      ],
      "category": "vegetables",
      "verdict": "danger",
      "oneLine": "No — onions and related Allium species can damage red blood cells.",
      "reason": "Allium species can cause gastrointestinal irritation and oxidative injury to red blood cells, followed by anemia.",
      "preparation": "Do not intentionally feed them raw or cooked, and keep leftovers from seasoned meals out of reach.",
      "avoidParts": [
        "bulb",
        "leaves",
        "powder",
        "dried flakes"
      ],
      "processedWarning": "Onion and leek are often found in stocks, baby food, sauces, soups, seasoning mixes, processed meats and prepared meals.",
      "caution": "If ingestion may have occurred, record the product, form, estimated amount and time, then contact a veterinarian.",
      "sourceIds": [
        "aspcaFoodsToAvoid"
      ],
      "canonicalUrl": "https://futterklar-hundeernaehrung.org/en/guides/what-can-dogs-eat#onion-alliums",
      "categoryLabel": "Vegetables",
      "verdictLabel": "Potentially dangerous",
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "aspcaFoodsToAvoid",
          "title": "People Foods to Avoid Feeding Your Pets",
          "organization": "ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center",
          "url": "https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/people-foods-avoid-feeding-your-pets",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Overview of alcohol, yeast dough, methylxanthines, grapes, Allium species, dairy products, nuts, raw eggs and xylitol."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "food-yogurt",
      "slug": "yogurt",
      "name": "Yogurt",
      "aliases": [
        "plain yogurt",
        "yoghurt"
      ],
      "category": "animal-products",
      "verdict": "limited",
      "oneLine": "Only a little — if offered at all, use plain yogurt without sugar, xylitol, flavoring or other additives.",
      "reason": "Dairy products may cause diarrhea or other digestive upset because of limited lactase activity; a probiotic benefit cannot be inferred from an arbitrary yogurt.",
      "preparation": "Check the ingredient list and use only a plain, pasteurized, unsweetened product.",
      "avoidParts": [
        "products containing xylitol",
        "spoiled yogurt"
      ],
      "processedWarning": "Fruit yogurt, light products, desserts and frozen yogurt may contain sugar, xylitol, chocolate or other unsuitable ingredients.",
      "caution": "Do not use it without veterinary guidance if your dog has dairy intolerance, pancreatitis risk, suspected allergy or is on a diagnostic diet.",
      "sourceIds": [
        "aspcaFoodsToAvoid",
        "aahaFeedingPlans",
        "fdaXylitol"
      ],
      "canonicalUrl": "https://futterklar-hundeernaehrung.org/en/guides/what-can-dogs-eat#yogurt",
      "categoryLabel": "Animal products",
      "verdictLabel": "Only small amounts / under certain conditions",
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "aspcaFoodsToAvoid",
          "title": "People Foods to Avoid Feeding Your Pets",
          "organization": "ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center",
          "url": "https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/people-foods-avoid-feeding-your-pets",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Overview of alcohol, yeast dough, methylxanthines, grapes, Allium species, dairy products, nuts, raw eggs and xylitol."
        },
        {
          "id": "aahaFeedingPlans",
          "title": "Feeding Plans for Healthy, Appropriate Weight Cats and Dogs",
          "organization": "American Animal Hospital Association",
          "url": "https://www.aaha.org/resources/2021-aaha-nutrition-and-weight-management-guidelines/feeding-plans-for-healthy-appropriate-weight-cats-and-dogs/",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Clinical guideline for accounting for extras and treats within a complete daily feeding plan."
        },
        {
          "id": "fdaXylitol",
          "title": "Paws Off Xylitol; It's Dangerous for Dogs",
          "organization": "U.S. Food and Drug Administration",
          "url": "https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/paws-xylitol-its-dangerous-dogs",
          "checkedAt": "2026-07-26",
          "note": "Government safety notice on xylitol in sugar-free products and its possible acute effects in dogs."
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}